Present perfect passive past упражнения. Future Perfect - Страдательный Залог. "Агент действия" и перевод из активного залога в пассивный

Present Perfect Passive мы используем, когда говорим о действии, которое произошло в прошлом, но результат этого действия важен нам сейчас. Причем акцент мы делаем на само действие, а не на то, кто его совершил. Посмотрите на предложения:

Задание выполнено (в данный момент есть готовое задание). Проблема решена (сейчас ее нет). Дорога построена (готова сейчас к использованию).

Это и есть пассивный залог в настоящем совершенном времени .

Очень важно не путать его с Past Simple Passive, который мы разбирали в предыдущих статьях. В этой статье я покажу вам разницу между ними и научу вас правильно строить предложения на английском в Present Perfect Passive.

Past Simple Passive мы используем, когда говорим о событиях, которые произошли в прошлом. При этом мы показываем сам факт этого действия.

Например

His car was stolen.
Его машину угнали.

Мы рассказываем это, как факт из нашего прошлого. Например, в прошлом году его машину угнали. Это действие никак не связано с настоящим.

Present Perfect Passive мы используем, когда говорим о действии, которое произошло в прошлом, но оно имеет значение сейчас. При этом сейчас мы можем видеть результат этого действия.

Например

His car has been stolen.
Его машину угнали.

Действие связано с настоящим, оно имеет значение сейчас. Например, ему приходится добираться на метро, так как его машину угнали. То есть, в настоящий момент он без машины.

Подробно о разнице этих двух времен вы можете прочитать .

А теперь давайте разберем, как построить английские предложения в Present Perfect Passive.

Утвердительные предложения в Present Perfect Passive в английском языке


Чтобы построить предложения в Present Perfect Passive, нужно

1. В начало предложения поставить предмет или человека, над которыми совершается действие.

2. На второе место мы ставим вспомогательный глагол времени Present Perfect - have/has. Has мы используем, когда говорим о ком-то в единственном числе (он, она, оно). Have - во всех остальных случаях (я, вы, мы, они).

3. На третьем месте стоит глагол to be, который мы ставим в 3-ю форму - been.

4. Само действие мы также ставим в прошедшее время.

В английском языке есть правильные и неправильные глаголы. В зависимости от глагола мы:

  • добавляем окончание -ed, если глагол правильный (close - closed);
  • ставим его в 3-ю форму, если глагол неправильный (broke - broken).

Схема такого предложения будет следующей:

Предмет/человек + have/has + been + 3-я форма неправильного глагола или правильный глагол с окончанием -ed.

I
You 3-я форма
неправильного
глагола
или правильный
глагол
с окончанием -ed
We have
They been
She
He has
It

Примеры

A book has been read.
Книга прочитана.

The documents have been sent.
Документы отправлены.

Her arm has been broken.
Ее рука сломана.

Использование by в пассивном залоге

Если мы хотим добавить, кем именно что-то было сделано, то ставим предлог by, а после него человека.

Например

Dinner has been cooked by Mary.
Ужин приготовлен Мэри.

The cats have been fed by mother.
Кошки покормлены мамой.

Отрицательные предложения в Present Perfect Passive в английском языке

Чтобы сказать, что что-то не сделано, мы используем отрицание. Для этого нужно всего лишь после have/has добавить отрицательную частицу not. Схема такого предложения будет:

Предмет/человек + have/has + not + been + 3-я форма неправильного глагола или правильный глагол с окончанием -ed.

I
You 3-я форма
неправильного
глагола
или правильный
глагол
с окончанием -ed
We have
They not been
She
He has
It

Примеры

My homework has not been done.
Моя домашняя работа не сделана.

The cars have not been sold.
Машины не проданы.

The car has not been fixed.
Машина не отремонтирована.

Сокращение

Мы можем сократить have/has и частицу not следующим образом:

have + not = haven’t;
has + not = hasn’t.

Вопросительные предложения в Present Perfect Passive в английском языке

Чтобы спросить, сделано ли что-то, нам нужно have/has перенести на первое место в предложении. Давайте посмотрим на схему такого предложения.

Have/has + предмет/человек + been + 3-я форма неправильного глагола или правильный глагол с окончанием -ed?

I
you 3-я форма
неправильного
глагола
или правильный
глагол
с окончанием -ed
Have we
they been
he
Has she
it

Примеры

Have they been asked?
Они опрошены?

Has the project been finished?
Проект закончен?

Have the rooms been cleaned?
Комнаты убраны?

Итак, с теорией мы разобрались, а теперь давайте закрепим использование Present Perfect Passive на практике.

Задание на закрепление

Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык. Свои ответы оставляйте в комментариях.

1. Платье поглажено.
2. Дом продан?
3. Упражнения не сделаны.
4. Посуда помыта.
5. Торт испечен.
6. Сумка украдена.

Упражнения на пассивный залог во времени Present Perfect.

Упражнение 1.

Read the texts and find the sentences with Present Perfect Active and Present Perfect Passive tense forms. Translate them into your language.

    Nina has lived in Sydney for two years. She has done a lot of things in Sydney. She has seen several plays, she has gone to the picture galleries and museums. She has visited the circus as well, and she has taken a tour to the Islands on Port Jackson. However, there are a lot of planned things she hasn’t done yet. She hasn’t gone to the Australian Reptile Park yet. Nina hasn’t been to some other parks yet.

    The boss is angry with his secretary today because important letters haven’t been typed yet. Tea has been given to him cold. Wrong telephone numbers have been written down. The mail hasn’t been sent in time. A lot of time has been spent over the telephone.

Упражнение 2. Change the sentences with Present Perfect Active into Present Perfect Passive.

Example : I have already finished my work. My work ... - My work has already been finished.

    I have already taken the books back to the library. The books ...

    She has just posted those letters. Those letters ...

    The teacher has already checked my test. My test ...

    He has lost the key. The key ...

    We have opened all the windows. All the windows ...

    I have bought bread on the way home. Bread ...

    I have done this exercise. This exercise ...

Упражнение 3. Imagine that your classroom and the school yard have been thoroughly cleaned. Say what has been done by whom.

Example The windows ... (to wash) - The windows have been washed by the girls.

    The desks ... (to wash)

    The flowers ... (to water)

    The floor ... (to mop)

    The furniture ... (to dust)

    The grass ... (to cut)

    The trees ... (to cut)

Упражнение 4 . Answer the questions about your English lesson using Present Perfect Passive.

    Have you been asked to read a text?

    Has the text been translated?

    Have the new words been written down?

    Have the exercises been done by all the pupils?

    Has your friend been asked to recite something?

    Has large homework been given?

    Who has been given good (bad) marks?

    Have you been praised by the teacher?

Упражнение 5. Use Present Perfect Active or Passive of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.

    Peter ... (to break) the window.

    The exercise ... (to write) already.

    The text ... (to translate) by Victor.

    The teacher just ... (to explain) the new rule.

    We (to learn) the Passive Voice already.

    A new school ... (to build) in this street.

Упражнение 6. Translate into English using Present Perfect Active or Passive.

    Я только что купил газету. 2. Телевизор только что выключили. 3. Он уже ответил на вопрос. 4. Слова только что написали на доске. 5. Мы уже говорили об этом. 6. Все ответы уже даны. 7. Об этом только что сказали по радио. 8.Я уже смотрел этот фильм 9.Мне ничего об этом не говорили. 10.Все предложения уже написаны.

Ответы:

Упражнение 1. All the sentences in text A are in Present Perfect Active. All the sentences in text B are in Present Perfect Passive.

Упражнение 2. The books have been already taken back to the library by me. Those letters have just been posted by her. My test has already been checked by the teacher. The key has been lost by him. All the windows have been opened by us. Bread has been bought by me on the way home. This exercise has been done by me.

Упражнение 3. The desks have been washed by the pupils. The flowers have been watered by Molly. The floor has been mopped by the cleaners. The furniture has been to dusted by the boys. The grass has been to cut by the caretaker. The trees have been cut by the workmen.

Упражнение 4. Your own answers.

Упражнение 5. 1 has broken, 2 has been already written, 3 has been translated, 4 has just explained, 5 have learnt, 6 has been built

Упражнение 6. I have just bought the newspaper. The TV-set has just been switched off. Не has already answered this question. The words have just been written on the blackboard. We’ve already spoken about it. All the answers have already been given. This has been just said over the radio. I’ve already watched this film. I haven’t been told anything about it. All the sentences have already been written.

Упражнения на пассивный залог во времени Present Perfect. Exercises with answers. Полезные разноплановые упражнения на страдательный залог помогут Вам разобраться в данной теме.

Упражнение 1. Read the texts and find the sentences with Present Perfect Active and Present Perfect Passive tense forms. Translate them into your language.

Nina has lived in Sydney for two years. She has done a lot of things in Sydney. She has seen several plays, she has gone to the picture galleries and museums. She has visited the circus as well, and she has taken a tour to the Islands on Port Jackson. However, there are a lot of planned things she hasn’t done yet. She hasn’t gone to the Australian Reptile Park yet. Nina hasn’t been to some other parks yet.

The boss is angry with his secretary today because important letters haven’t been typed yet. Tea has been given to him cold. Wrong telephone numbers have been written down. The mail hasn’t been sent in time. A lot of time has been spent over the telephone.

Упражнение 2. Change the sentences with Present Perfect Active into Present Perfect Passive.

I have already finished my work. My work ...

My work has already been finished.

  1. I have already taken the books back to the library. The books ...
  2. She has just posted those letters. Those letters ...
  3. The teacher has already checked my test. My test ... —
  4. He has lost the key. The key ...
  5. We have opened all the windows. All the windows ... "
  6. I have bought bread on the way home. Bread ...
  7. I have done this exercise. This exercise ...

Упражнение 3. Imagine that your classroom and the school yard have been thoroughly cleaned. Say what has been done by whom.

Example The windows ... (to wash)

The windows have been washed by the girls.

  1. The desks ... (to wash)
  2. The flowers ... (to water)
  3. The floor ... (to mop)
  4. The furniture ... (to dust)
  5. The grass ... (to cut)
  6. The trees ... (to cut)

Упражнение 4. Answer the questions about your English lesson using Present Perfect Passive.

  1. Have you been asked to read a text?
  2. Has the text been translated?
  3. Have the new words been written down?
  4. Have the exercises been done by all the pupils?
  5. Has your friend been asked to recite something?
  6. Has large homework been given?
  7. Who has been given good (bad) marks?
  8. Have you been praised by the teacher?

Упражнение 5. Use Present Perfect Active or Passive of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.

  1. Peter ... (to break) the window.
  2. The exercise ... (to write) already.
  3. The text ... (to translate) by Victor.
  4. The teacher just ... (to explain) the new rule.
  5. We (to learn) the Passive Voice already.
  6. A new school ... (to build) in this street.

Упражнение 6. Translate into English using Present Perfect Active or Passive.

  1. Я только что купил газету
  2. Телевизор только что выключили.
  3. Он уже ответил на вопрос
  4. Слова только что написали на доске
  5. Мы уже говорили об этом
  6. Все ответы уже даны.
  7. Об этом только что сказали по радио.
  8. Я уже смотрел этот фильм
  9. Мне ничего об этом не говорили
  10. Все предложения уже написаны.

Ответы:

Упражнение 1.

All the sentences in text A are in Present Perfect Active.

All the sentences in text B are in Present Perfect Passive.

Упражнение 2.

  1. The books have been already taken back to the library by me.
  2. Those letters have just been posted by her.
  3. My test has already been checked by the teacher.
  4. The key has been lost by him.
  5. All the windows have been opened by us.
  6. Bread has been bought by me on the way home.
  7. This exercise has been done by me.

Упражнение 3.

  1. The desks have been washed by the pupils.
  2. The flowers have been watered by Molly.
  3. The floor has been mopped by the cleaners.
  4. The furniture has been dusted by the boys.
  5. The grass has been cut by the caretaker.
  6. The trees have been cut by the workmen.

Упражнение 4. Your own answers.

Упражнение 5.

1 has broken, 2 has been already written, 3 has been translated, 4 has just explained, 5 have learnt, 6 has been built

Упражнение 6.

  1. I have just bought the newspaper.
  2. The TV-set has just been switched off.
  3. Не has already answered this question.
  4. The words have just been written on the blackboard.
  5. We’ve already spoken about it.
  6. All the answers have already been given.
  7. This has been just said over the radio.
  8. I’ve already watched this film.
  9. I haven’t been told anything about it.
  10. All the sentences have already been written.

ГБОУ СОШ 1011

Разработка тренировочных упражнений с ответами по грамматике английского языка к теме «Пассивный Залог (Passive Voice )»

для уч ащихся 9-х классов общеобразовательных школ

Подготовила

учитель английского языка:

Коренева Юлия Михайловна

г. Москва

2014

    Translate from English into Russian. Underline Passive Constructions: Present Simple Passive, Past Simple Passive, Future Simple Passive.

    This book was sold

    They will be met by their uncle and aunt at the airport.

    London is visited by thousands of tourists every year, isn’t it?

    Why is this documentary talked about so much?

    American president Abraham Lincoln was killed at the theatre.

    Current news is shown on television every evening.

    Famous people are often spied by paparazzi.

    Why is he being laughed at?

    When we arrived they were being asked about their trip to England.

    Which document was being typed when you came in?

    Look! The contract is being printed.

    His offer was being discussed when he called.

    What tune is being played? I can’t recognize it.

    We didn’t know that the new program had already been broadcast.

    After the speaker had been interrupted he stopped to collect his thoughts.

    This serial has been talked about a lot lately.

    Maria is happy. She has been accepted by an English University.

    May I invite you to the banquet room where some food and refreshments have been served?

    I actually felt quite depressed after the threatening news has been announced.

    The teacher … asked a question at the moment.

    He … paid a lot of money as soon as he does the job.

    He said Peter … invited to the party.

    Look! A Christmas tree … decorated.

    I hope our misunderstanding … … forgotten very quickly.

    I’m so angry because my party … spoiled by Max’s rudeness.

    The six ravens … kept in the Tower of London now for centuries.

    She had read all the books which … translated into English.

    Mike showed the letter to his mother.

    – May I help you, sir? – No, thank you. They are already serving me.

    They were broadcasting a new documentary at 5 p.m. yesterday.

    They offered tourists a free sightseeing trip.

    They will hold interviews in September.

    By 2014 this author had written two major novels.

    The Smiths have sold their cottage this month.

    I hear that they are making a new full-length cartoon based on Russian fairy-tails.

    ЕГЭ .

The Loch Ness Monster.

1. The story of the Loch Ness monster began in 1933 when it __________ for the first time.

2. Since then it _________ at least once every year

3. and __________ many times.

PHOTOGRAPH

4. The first photo ______ by a local man in November, 1933.

TAKE

5. On the occasion, large brown eyes _____

6. and horns _______several times..

REPORT

7 . Ears ____________ yet.

MENTION

8. The monster, however, ___________

NOT FORGET

9. and probably never____________

FORGET

10. It ______ that it sometimes leaves the Loch

KNOW

11. and a few days ago it ______ running along the main road not far from a café.

12. Occasionally two monsters _________ at the same time.

NOTICE

13. It _____ whether they are father and son, husband and wife, or perhaps monster and girl-friend.

NOT KNOW

14. But the monster and its activities ____still a mystery.

CONSIDER

CHECK YOURSELF

    Translate from English into Russian. Underline Passive Constructions: Present Simple Passive, Past Simple Passive, Future Simple Passive .

    This book was sold two month ago. — Past Simple Passive

    They will be met by their uncle and aunt at the airport.-FS

    London is visited by thousands of tourists every year, isn’t it?- PrS

    Why is this documentary talked about so much?- PrS

    American president Abraham Lincoln was killed at the theatre.- PS

    Current news is shown on television every evening.- PrS

    Famous people are often spied by paparazzi.- PrS

    Translate from English into Russian. Underline Passive Constructions: Present Progressive Passive, Past Progressive Passive.

    Why is he being laughed at ?- Present Progressive Passive

    When we arrived they were being asked about their trip to England. — PPrP

    Which document was being typed when you came in?- PPrP

    Look! The contract is being printed .- PrPrP

    His offer was being discussed when he called.- PPrP

    What tune is being played ? I can’t recognize it.- PrPrP

    Translate from English into Russian. Underline Passive Constructions: Present Perfect Passive, Past Perfect Passive.

    We didn’t know that the new program had already been broadcast . — PPerfP

    After the speaker had been interrupted he stopped to collect his thoughts. PPerfP

    This serial has been talked about a lot lately. — PrPerfP

    Maria is happy. She has been accepted by an English University.- PrPerfP

    May I invite you to the banquet room where some food and refreshments have been served ? — PrPerfP

    I actually felt quite depressed after the threatening news has been announced . — PrPerfP

    Put the verb to be in the correct form in Passive Voice.

    The teacher is being asked a question at the moment.

    He will be paid a lot of money as soon as he does the job.

    He said Peter had been invited to the party.

    Look! A Christmas tree is being decorated.

    I hope our misunderstanding will be forgotten very quickly.

    I’m so angry because my party has been spoiled by Max’s rudeness.

    The six ravens have been kept in the Tower of London now for centuries.

    She had read all the books which were translated into English.

    Make the sentences in Passive Voice.

    Mike showed the letter to his mother. – The letter was shown to mother by Mike.

    – May I help you, sir? – No, thank you. They are already serving me. – I’m already being served.

    They were broadcasting a new documentary at 5 p.m. yesterday. – A new documentary was being broadcast at 5 p.m. yesterday.

    They offered tourists a free sightseeing trip. –A free sightseeing trip was offered to tourists. / Tourists were offered a free sightseeing trip.

    They will hold interviews in September. — Interviews will be hold by them in September.

    By 2014 this author had written two major novels. – Two major novels had been written by this author by 2014.

    The Smiths have sold their cottage this month. – The cottage has been sold by the Smiths this month.

    I hear that they are making a new full-length cartoon based on Russian fairy-tails. — I hear that a new full-length cartoon based on Russian fairy-tails is being made.

    ЕГЭ . Complete the story with the correct form of the verbs in capital letters.

The Loch Ness Monster.

1. The story of the Loch Ness monster began in 1933 when it WAS SEEN for the first time.

2. Since then it HAS BEEN SEEN at least once every year

3. and HAS BEEN PHOTOGRAPHED many times.

PHOTOGRAPH

4. The first photo WAS TAKEN by a local man in November, 1933.

TAKE

5. On the occasion, large brown eyes WERE SEEN

6. and horns WERE REPORTED several times..

REPORT

7 . Ears HAVE NOT BEN MENTIONED yet.

MENTION

8. The monster, however, IS NOT FORGOTTEN

NOT FORGET

9. and probably never WILL NEVER BE FORGOTTEN

FORGET

10. It IS KNOWN that it sometimes leaves the Loch

KNOW

11. and a few days ago it WAS SEEN running along the main road not far from a café.

12. Occasionally two monsters ARE NOTICED at the same time.

NOTICE

13. It IS NOT KNOWN whether they are father and son, husband and wife, or perhaps monster and girl-friend.

NOT KNOW

14. But the monster and its activities ARE still CONSIDERED a mystery.

CONSIDER


Использованныематериалы

    Афанасьева О.В., Михеева И.В., Баранова К.М. Английский язык-5й год обучения. Рабочая тетрадь. Москва: Дрофа, 2011.

    Фурсенко С.В. Английский язык. Тесты. 9 класс. Москва: Дрофа, 2002.

    Бондарева В.В. Английская грамматика в забавных рассказах. Спб: Каро, 2006

    Кауфман К.И., Кауфман М.Ю. Совершенствуй свой английский. Москва: Титул, 1999.

Упражнения на пассивный залог во времени Present Perfect.
Упражнение 1.
Read the texts and find the sentences with Present Perfect Active and Present Perfect Passive tense forms. Translate them into your language.
Nina has lived in Sydney for two years. She has done a lot of things in Sydney. She has seen several plays, she has gone to the picture galleries and museums. She has visited the circus as well, and she has taken a tour to the Islands on Port Jackson. However, there are a lot of planned things she hasn’t done yet. She hasn’t gone to the Australian Reptile Park yet. Nina hasn’t been to some other parks yet.
The boss is angry with his secretary today because important letters haven’t been typed yet. Tea has been given to him cold. Wrong telephone numbers have been written down. The mail hasn’t been sent in time. A lot of time has been spent over the telephone.
Упражнение 2. Change the sentences with Present Perfect Active into Present Perfect Passive.
Example: I have already finished my work. My work ... - My work has already been finished.
I have already taken the books back to the library. The books ...
She has just posted those letters. Those letters ...
The teacher has already checked my test. My test ...
He has lost the key. The key ...
We have opened all the windows. All the windows ...
I have bought bread on the way home. Bread ...
I have done this exercise. This exercise ...
Упражнение 3. Imagine that your classroom and the school yard have been thoroughly cleaned. Say what has been done by whom.
Example The windows ... (to wash) - The windows have been washed by the girls.
The desks ... (to wash)
The flowers ... (to water)
The floor ... (to mop)
The furniture ... (to dust)
The grass ... (to cut)
The trees ... (to cut)
Упражнение 4. Answer the questions about your English lesson using Present Perfect Passive.
Have you been asked to read a text?
Has the text been translated?
Have the new words been written down?
Have the exercises been done by all the pupils?
Has your friend been asked to recite something?
Has large homework been given?
Who has been given good (bad) marks?
Have you been praised by the teacher?
Упражнение 5. Use Present Perfect Active or Passive of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.
Peter ... (to break) the window.
The exercise ... (to write) already.
The text ... (to translate) by Victor.
The teacher just ... (to explain) the new rule.
We (to learn) the Passive Voice already.
A new school ... (to build) in this street.
Упражнение 6. Translate into English using Present Perfect Active or Passive.
Я только что купил газету. 2. Телевизор только что выключили. 3. Он уже ответил на вопрос. 4. Слова только что написали на доске. 5. Мы уже говорили об этом. 6. Все ответы уже даны. 7. Об этом только что сказали по радио. 8.Я уже смотрел этот фильм 9.Мне ничего об этом не говорили. 10.Все предложения уже написаны.
Ответы:
Упражнение 1. All the sentences in text A are in Present Perfect Active. All the sentences in text B are in Present Perfect Passive.
Упражнение 2. The books have been already taken back to the library by me. Those letters have just been posted by her. My test has already been checked by the teacher. The key has been lost by him. All the windows have been opened by us. Bread has been bought by me on the way home. This exercise has been done by me.
Упражнение 3. The desks have been washed by the pupils. The flowers have been watered by Molly. The floor has been mopped by the cleaners. The furniture has been to dusted by the boys. The grass has been to cut by the caretaker. The trees have been cut by the workmen.
Упражнение 4. Your own answers. Упражнение 5. 1 has broken, 2 has been already written, 3 has been translated, 4 has just explained, 5 have learnt, 6 has been built
Упражнение 6. I have just bought the newspaper. The TV-set has just been switched off. Не has already answered this question. The words have just been written on the blackboard. We’ve already spoken about it. All the answers have already been given. This has been just said over the radio. I’ve already watched this film. I haven’t been told anything about it. All the sentences have already been written.

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